A new academic study suggests that artificial intelligence is most effective when used to enhance human thinking and decision-making rather than replace it. Published in the Journal of Knowledge Management, the research explores how AI and human intelligence can work together to improve how knowledge is created, interpreted, and shared across society.
The authors, from the University of East London, explain that while AI is highly effective at processing large volumes of information, identifying patterns, and generating insights, human involvement remains essential for interpreting results and making ethical, context-sensitive decisions. Drawing on findings from 90 studies published since 2015, the paper concludes that the strongest outcomes arise when AI’s speed and scale are combined with human creativity, critical thinking, and oversight—enhancing problem-solving across fields such as healthcare, education, management, and research.
The study also cautions against over-reliance on AI, stressing the need for clear safeguards to ensure systems are transparent, fair, and subject to human review, particularly in high-stakes environments. Co-author Dr Susan Akinwalere noted that the true promise of AI lies in helping people navigate complexity more efficiently, while leaving judgment, meaning, and responsibility firmly in human hands.
Researchers from the Royal Docks School of Business and Law argue that this human-centred approach can help organisations build stronger “knowledge ecosystems”. Rather than treating AI as a substitute for expertise, they recommend designing it as a collaborative partner that supports learning, innovation, and informed decision-making, with appropriate checks in place to ensure context, fairness, and integrity.
More information: Susan Akinwalere et al, The symbiotic roles of artificial intelligence and human intelligence in advancing knowledge ecosystem, Journal of Knowledge Management. DOI: 10.1108/JKM-03-2025-0362
Journal information: Journal of Knowledge Management Provided by University of East London